Implementation of biosecurity on equestrian premises: A narrative overview.

Vet J. February 2023;292(0):105950.

C R Crew¹, M L Brennan², J L Ireland³

¹ Department of Health and Social Care, 39 Victoria Street, London SW1H 0EU, UK; The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatﬁeld, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK.; ² School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK.; ³ Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, Cheshire CH64 7TE, UK. Electronic address: Joanne.Ireland@liverpool.ac.uk.

Abstract

Biosecurity measures are designed to prevent the introduction and spread of pathogens, and play a vital role in the equine industry, controlling endemic diseases and reducing the threat of exotic disease incursion. Equestrian premises differ with respect to disease risks, biosecurity requirements and available facilities. This narrative review summarises reported frequency of implementation for selected biosecurity measures, as well as evidence relating to potential barriers to implementation of biosecurity on equestrian premises. Possible opportunities for improvement in the adoption of equine biosecurity measures are also discussed.

Keywords

Equine; Infection control; Quarantine; Transmission; Vaccination;

Article Tools:

Medline

Email to me

Archives Highlights:

A public health campaign to increase awareness of the risk of dog bites in South Australia.
Over one third (36-37%) of dog owners and 25-29% of non-dog owners had been previously bitten by a dog, although most did not require medical attention. Approximately 70% of dog owners believed it was safe for strangers to approach their dog, 34-37% allowed children or other people to pat their dog without permission, and less than half separated their dog from visitors or delivery people. In contrast, few of the non-dog owners allowed their children to pat a dog without the owner's permission and only 2% allowed them to play with dogs without supervision.

Prevalence of Encephalitozoon hellem among companion and exhibition birds in Japan.
Although microsporidia can rarely cause severe systemic infections, including hepatitis, nephritis, and enteritis in young birds, most infected birds are subclinical and thought to recover spontaneously after a period of temporary spore shedding if they do not have immunosuppression. Microsporidia can cause self-limiting infection in immunocompetent humans and life-threatening chronic diarrhea in immunocompromised individuals.

Head tilt in 6 Ankole-Watusi cattle (Bos taurus ankole) with chronic exudative cornual sinusitis.
Clinically, 4 of the 6 cases had concurrent otitis at the time of initial clinical observation. Medical management was the standard across all cases with limited surgical success in 2 cases. Due to intractable and progressive clinical signs despite treatment attempts, euthanasia and postmortem examinations were performed.

Splenic Masses in Dogs: Algorithms for Differentials, Diagnosis, and Definitive Treatment
There is a 63.1% to 70.5% chance a splenic mass is benign if there is no hemoabdomen and a 21.7% to 37.5% chance it is benign if there is hemoabdomen. These numbers replace the two-thirds rule, which said that two-thirds of splenic masses were malignant and two-thirds of malignant masses were HSA, without accounting for hemoabdomen.

Feline acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation scores and other prognostic factors in cats with first-time diabetic ketoacidosis.
Median BG was significantly higher in non-survivors (431 mg/dL) compared with survivors (343 mg/dL) and BG predicted mortality. For every 1 mg/dL increase in BG, the odds of death increased by 1.004.