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VSPN AOW : Feline oral cavity lesion...
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Feline oral cavity lesions diagnosed by histopathology: a 6-year retrospective study in Portugal.J Feline Med Surg. October 2020;22(10):977-983.1 CBIOS - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.; 2 CBIOS - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.; 3 CBIOS - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.; 4 CBIOS - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.; 5 CBIOS - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal.
AbstractOBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to analyse the frequency of oral cavity lesions in cats, their anatomical location and histological diagnosis, and the effect of life stage, breed and sex on different diagnoses.
METHODS:For this purpose, a retrospective study comprising 297 feline oral cavity lesions was performed over a 6-year period between 2010 and 2015. Histopathological records from the DNAtech Pathology Laboratory (Lisbon, Portugal) were analysed.
RESULTS:The incidence of oral disease was higher in male cats (n = 173; 58.4%), mature adults (ranging from 7 to 10 years old [n = 88; 33.0%]) and in the European Shorthair breed (n = 206; 73.6%). The gingiva was the site where oral lesions were most commonly found, with 128 samples (43.1%). Incisional biopsies were used to obtain the majority of samples (n = 256; 86.2%), while excisional biopsies and punch biopsies were performed in 36 (12.1%) and five (1.7%) cases, respectively. Inflammatory and neoplastic lesions accounted for 187 (63%) and 110 (37%) of the studied cases, respectively. Malignancies were found in >80% of neoplastic cases. Feline chronic gingivostomatitis was the most common histological diagnosis (n = 116; 39.1%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (n = 49; 16.5%) and eosinophilic granuloma complex (n = 33; 11.1%).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:The present work, involving a large series of samples of feline oral cavity lesions, from numerous geographically scattered practices and all examined at a reference veterinary pathology laboratory, adds important new understanding of the epidemiology of feline oral disease.
Companion NotesRetrospective report on 297 oral cavity lesions diagnosed by histopathology in cats in Portugal
Introduction on feline oral cavity lesions - common prevalence - clinical signs include the following: - halitosis - decreased grooming - inappetence and anorexia - ptyalism or sialorrhoea - excessive pawing - oral cavity hemorrhage - teeth exfoliation - facial asymmetry - these lesions can be inflammatory or neoplastic - feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS), most common inflammatory disease - eosinophilic granuloma complex (EGC), 2nd most common inflammatory disease - FCGS and EGC can be clinically indistinguishable - neoplastic feline oral cavity lesions - account for 3-12% of all tumors in cats - 89% are malignant - classified as non-odontogenic or odontogenic - non-odontogenic: - originating from oral cavity structures not associated with dental tissues - squamous cell carcinoma - most common non-odontogenic malignant oral tumor - 60-80% of all oral tumors - fibrosarcoma, next most common; ~ 20% of all cases - odontogenic - originating from certain epithelium and embryonic mesenchyme - those later involved in tooth formation - theses are rare in the cat at up to 8% of all oral neoplasms - they’re divided into the following: - peripheral odontogenic fibroma (POF) - which may be fibromatous or ossifying - fibromatous POF is most common odontogenic tumor - acanthomatous ameloblastoma - peripheral giant cell granuloma which is not a true neoplasm - clinically they behave similar to a tumor
Study design - sample source: DNAtech Pathology Laboratory (Lisbon, Portugal) - population characteristics - mature adult cats from 7-10 years old, 88 (32.9%) - senior cats, 22.5% - young adults, 18.0% - young cats, 13.9% - geriatric cats, 9% - kittens, 3.7% - age unknown in 30 cats - procedure: records between `10 and `15 retrospectively reviewed
Results - history and signalment - incidence of oral disease higher in the following: - male cats, 58.4% - mature adults ranging from 7-10 years old, 33.0% - European shorthair breed, 73.6% - clinical signs - lesion sites in over 5% of cases - gingiva, most commonly at 128 samples, 43.1% - oral mucosa, 16.2% - lip, 8.1% - dorsal surface of tongue, 5.7% - palate, 5.7% - mandibular bone, 5.4% - ventral surface of tongue, 5.1% - oropharynx, 5.1% - procedures employed to obtain samples - incisional biopsies, 86.2% - excisional biopsies, 12.1% - punch biopsies, 1.7% - lesion types - inflammatory lesions, 187 cases (63%) - neoplastic lesions, 110 cases (37%) - malignancy, >80% of neoplastic cases - histopathology: - inflammatory lesions, 187 (63%) - feline chronic gingivostomatitis, most common, 116 cases (39.1%) - feline eosinophilic complex, 33 cases (11.1%) - comprised of 23 eosinophilic ulcers and 10 eosinophilic granulomas - most commonly on the lips, 12 cases (36.4%) - followed by dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue, 5 each - non-specific stomatitis, 7.1% - gingival hyperplasia, 3.4% - nasopharyngeal polyp, 1.0% - bone metaplasia, 0.3% - osteomyelitis, 0.3% - macule, 0.3% - pyogranulomatous sialadenitis, 0.3% - neoplastic lesions, 110 (37%%) - squamous cell carcinoma, 49 cases (16.5%) - more common in the following: - senior cats, 19 cases (38.8%) - European shorthair, 31 cases (63.3%) - sex:M, 26 cases (53.1%) - most commonly gingival, 18 cases (36.7%) - peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 3.0% - adenocarcinoma, 2.0% - peripheral odontogenic fibroma, 1.7% - fibrosarcoma, 1.7% - osteoma, 1.0% - mast cell tumor, 1.0% - fibroma, 0.7% - lymphoma, 0.7% - hemangioma, 0.7% - acanthomatous ameloblastoma, 0.3% - granular cell tumor, 0.3% - undifferentiated tumors, 6.4% - peripheral giant cell granuloma, 3 cases (1.0%)
“Surprisingly, >15% of the cases among young adults were neoplastic, despite being more expected in senior and geriatric cats.”
Keywords
Oral cavity;
feline chronic gingivostomatitis;
histopathology;
squamous cell carcinoma;
Keywords
Oral cavity*;
feline chronic gingivostomatitis*;
histopathology*;
squamous cell carcinoma*;
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VSPN AOW : Feline oral cavity lesion...
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