The current VIN date & time: Eastern

SAIM102-0423: Fluids and Electrolytes I

The lectures for this course will be presented via the Zoom webinar platform.

Presenters: Katherine M. James, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Mary Anna Labato, DVM, DACVIM
Thomas Greensmith, BVetMed, MVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC, FHEA, MRCVS

Course Open: April 7-May 17, 2023
Real Time Sessions (RTS): Sundays, April 16, 23, 30, and May 7, 2023; 2:00-4:00 pm ET (USA) World Clock Converter
Total CE Credit: 8
RACE Category: 8 hours Medical


Enrollment is closed.  

Tuition: Member $184 ($166 early bird special if enrolled by March 24, 2023)
Non-Member $292 ($263 early bird special if enrolled by March 24, 2023)
Prices are listed in US dollars.


*Enroll in both Fluids and Electrolytes courses (SAIM102-0423 and SAIM103-0523) before April 16, 2023 and receive the discounted enrollment price: Member $391 Non-Member $599


Course Information:
This is the first course in a 2-course series on fluid therapy and electrolytes (SAIM102-0423, SAIM103-0523). We strongly recommend that you take both courses as they are interdependent.

With clinicians always "striving to be almost as smart as the world's dumbest kidney," the course will focus on the evaluation of the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base status of clinical small animal patients and the provision of optimal fluid therapy. At the completion of this course, participants will have an improved ability to prescribe fluid therapy for their small animal patients, including those with critical illness and complex medical problems.

This first course will emphasize physiology and pathophysiology that underlies an advanced understanding of fluid therapy and acid/base disorders. Fluid therapy considerations for certain disorders, e.g., hyponatremia and hypernatremia will be covered but the majority of specific fluid therapy plan development will be provided in the second course, SAIM103-0523.


Learning Objectives:
Upon completion of the course, the participant should be able to
  • Week 1: Composition of Body Fluids, Body Fluid Compartments, Disorders of Sodium Balance
    • understand the terminologies of sodium balance, water balance, content, concentration, 3rd spacing, osmolality and dehydration as the conceptual foundations for the course.
    • describe body fluid compartments and introduce how fluids can impact them.
    • assess disorders of sodium balance and derive a management plan for them.
    • discuss recent discoveries applicable to Starling forces.
    • compare diuretics and their mechanisms of action.
  • Week 2: Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
    • list the most common causes of hyponatremia and hypernatremia.
    • calculate free water deficit for a hypernatremic patient.
    • describe how to correct for severe hyponatremia.
  • Weeks 3-4: Review of Acid/Base Disorders
    • review concepts of pH and buffer systems.
    • understand the key roles of the kidney and respiratory system in maintenance of acid/base status.
    • understand the terminology of acid/base disorders and recognize disease processes and clinical presentations that suggest acid/base disorders may be present.
    • understand the types of renal-tubular acidosis.
    • how to obtain an appropriate blood gas sample and sources of pre-analytic errors.
    • utilize the traditional approach to interpret both blood gases and basic acid base.
    • work up acid/base related problems and refine them, including understanding compensation and mixed disturbances.
    • assess the differential diagnoses for various disorders.
    • understand how acid/base related problems impact fluid therapy decisions.
    • outline the most common clinically used approaches and have a rudimentary understanding of semi-quantitative and strong ion approaches to acid base analysis.


Level and Prerequisites: This advanced VIN CE course is open for enrollment to veterinarians interested in the provision of optimal fluid therapy.
Credit Approval: This course is approved for 8 hours of continuing education credit by RACE for veterinarians. (RACE 20-988504)


Course Agenda:

Week 1 (Real Time Session April 16, 2023): Composition of Body Fluids, Body Fluid Compartments, Disorders of Sodium
Presenter: Katherine M. James, DVM, PhD, DACVIM


Week 2 (Real Time Session April 23, 2023): Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia
Presenter: Mary Anna Labato, DVM, DACVIM


Weeks 3-4 (Real Time Session April 30 and May 7, 2023): Review of Acid/Base Disorders
Presenter: Katherine M. James, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Thomas Greensmith, BVetMed, MVetMed, DACVECC, DECVECC, FHEA, MRCVS


Successful completion (scoring 80% or better) on the end-of-course test is required to earn a certificate of completion for the course. To learn more about the requirements for earning a CE certificate, please refer to Receiving Your CE Credit and Course Completion Certificate.

Course Materials: Course materials will be available in the course library prior to each Real Time Session.
Required Textbook(s): There is no required textbook for this course.


Enrollment is closed.  

Tuition: Member $184 ($166 early bird special if enrolled by March 24, 2023)
Non-Member $292 ($263 early bird special if enrolled by March 24, 2023)
Prices are listed in US dollars.


*Enroll in both Fluids and Electrolytes courses (SAIM102-0423 and SAIM103-0523) before April 16, 2023 and receive the discounted enrollment price: Member $391 Non-Member $599


*To ensure participants are ready and prepared for classes, enrollment will close on April 14, 2023 at 5 pm ET (USA) or when the maximum number of participants is reached.

*For more information on how online CE works, see the Participant Resource Center.


Enrollment qualifications:
  1. VIN CE Courses:
    1. VIN CE courses are open to VIN member, VIN student member, and non-member veterinarians.
    2. Veterinary support staff must be VSPN members in order to enroll in a VIN CE course open to VSPN member enrollment.
  2. VSPN CE Courses:
    1. VSPN CE courses are open to veterinary support staff and veterinarians.
    2. Only VIN and VSPN members can enroll in a VSPN CE course.
    3. Veterinarians will only receive credit for those VSPN CE courses that specify in the Accreditation statement that the course is accredited for veterinarians.
  3. Please check the course Level and Prerequisites, Accreditation, and Tuition before enrolling.
  4. Each enrollee must be able to receive emails from @vspn.org and @vin.com addresses.
    1. Email is our major form of communication with participants; personal emails are highly recommended rather than clinic/hospital email addresses.
  5. For further assistance call 800-846-0028 ext. 797 or email CEonVIN@vin.com. Please include the course title, your full name, and contact information in your correspondence.


Course withdrawal and refund policy: A complete refund of the paid course price will be issued when your withdrawal request is received prior to the listed start date of the course. If you wish to withdraw after the start date please contact the VIN office 800-846-0028 ext. 797 to discuss eligibility for a pro-rated refund.

*For more information on VIN's upcoming CE courses, check the VIN Course Catalog.

Katherine James, DVM, PhD, DACVIM (SAIM)
VIN Education Director

VIN CE Services: CEonVIN@vin.com
800-846-0028 or 530-756-4881; ext. 797
or direct line to VIN/VSPN from the United Kingdom: 01 45 222 6154
or direct line to VIN/VSPN from Australia: 02 6145 2357