Clinical Efficacy of Miltefosine Oral Solution in the Treatment of Canine Leishmaniasis
World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings, 2006
L. Maynard1, V. Woerly1, A. Sanquer1, C. Medaille2
1VIRBAC, Carros, France; 2VEBIOTEL, Aristide Briand, Arcueil, France

This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a recent oral antiprotozoal agent, Miltefosine, in the treatment of canine leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. A multicentre field trial was conducted in 20 veterinary practices in France, Spain and Italy. Eighty-two dogs were included in the study with a canine leishmaniasis, based on clinical examination and confirmed by positive serology, myelogram and/or PCR analysis. Dogs were treated with a Miltefosine-based oral solution at 2 mg/kg body weight once a day for 28 days. They were clinically observed 6 times: V1 (pre-inclusion and sampling), V2-Day 0 (inclusion and start of treatment), V3-Day 14, V4-Day 28 (end of treatment and sampling), V5-Day 42 and V6-Day 56. Efficacy was assessed by the percent reduction of the clinical score, veterinarians' opinion, the time course of the clinical score, the percent parasitological cure, the albumin/globulin ratio and serology. On average, Miltefosine treatment reduced the clinical score by 61.2 ± 44.9% in 8 weeks. In 82.7% of cases, veterinary investigators considered treatment with miltefosine retrospectively as or more effective than conventional antileishmanial treatment (Meglumine antimoniate - Allopurinol association). The clinical score decreased significantly over the 2-month follow-up period (p<0.0001). Clinical response was markedly visible during the 4 weeks of treatment and continued to improve in the 4 weeks after completion of treatment. 51.5% of dogs were parasitologically cured on Day 56 according to the myelogram. In 24.1% of cases with an albumin/globulin ratio < 0.7 at V1, the ratio became > 0.7 at V6. A decrease of at least one dilution in IFAT titres was recorded in 37.2% of dogs over the 8-week follow-up period. Miltefosine given orally at 2 mg/kg once a day for 28 days proved to be an effective and convenient new alternative to treat canine leishmaniasis.


 

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L. Maynard
VIRBAC
Carros, France


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