• Veterinary Partner articles may be printed for client education purposes. Please print in small batches and refresh often as Veterinary Partner content is updated on a frequent basis.
• Linking to the VeterinaryPartner.com site, or individual articles is allowed at any time without requiring permission.
• Embedding or electronically reproducing Veterinary Partner articles is not permitted unless, through the use of the Veterinary Partner widget embedded into your website, an optional service provided from VIN.

All content on this website is the intellectual property of Veterinary Information Network®, Inc. Unauthorized reproduction, copying, or use of any material without VIN®'s express permission is copyright infringement. It is illegal and is strictly prohibited.

Plagiarism in any form is prohibited. This includes patchwork or mosaic plagiarism, as well as using AI systems to rewrite, republish, or repurpose any portion of an article. Plagiarism will be detected, and appropriate actions will be taken. (Patchwork plagiarism involves borrowing phrases, passages, or ideas from multiple existing sources and merging them to form a new text.)

Please restrict use of Veterinary Partner to legal and ethical conduct. Obtain permission for any use beyond personal viewing or veterinarian/client case communication. If you have received permission for other uses, credit the original sources. Don't compromise integrity—create, don't copy.

Permission for reproduction will be addressed on a case-by-case basis.
Please submit your request using the Permission to Use VIN Content form.