ABSTRACT OF THE WEEK

The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue vétérinaire canadienne
Volume 64 | Issue 11 (November 2023)

Incidences of steroid-induced diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure in cats given non-immunosuppressive doses of methylprednisolone acetate: 1042 cats.

Can Vet J. November 2023;64(11):1051 - 1057.

Wendy A Dutch¹, Gary D Norsworthy², Milton R Mayfield³, Jacqueline R Mayfield⁴, Connie W Schmitt⁵

¹ Alamo Feline Health Center, 16201 San Pedro Avenue, San Antonio, Texas 78232, USA (Dutch, Norsworthy); Texas A&M International University, 2101 Peach Blossom Street, San Antonio, Texas 78247, USA (M.R. Mayfield, J.R. Mayfield); Texas Veterinary Pathology, 1007 Wagon Wheel, Spring Branch, Texas 78070, USA (Schmitt).; ² Alamo Feline Health Center, 16201 San Pedro Avenue, San Antonio, Texas 78232, USA (Dutch, Norsworthy); Texas A&M International University, 2101 Peach Blossom Street, San Antonio, Texas 78247, USA (M.R. Mayfield, J.R. Mayfield); Texas Veterinary Pathology, 1007 Wagon Wheel, Spring Branch, Texas 78070, USA (Schmitt).; ³ Alamo Feline Health Center, 16201 San Pedro Avenue, San Antonio, Texas 78232, USA (Dutch, Norsworthy); Texas A&M International University, 2101 Peach Blossom Street, San Antonio, Texas 78247, USA (M.R. Mayfield, J.R. Mayfield); Texas Veterinary Pathology, 1007 Wagon Wheel, Spring Branch, Texas 78070, USA (Schmitt).; ⁴ Alamo Feline Health Center, 16201 San Pedro Avenue, San Antonio, Texas 78232, USA (Dutch, Norsworthy); Texas A&M International University, 2101 Peach Blossom Street, San Antonio, Texas 78247, USA (M.R. Mayfield, J.R. Mayfield); Texas Veterinary Pathology, 1007 Wagon Wheel, Spring Branch, Texas 78070, USA (Schmitt).; ⁵ Alamo Feline Health Center, 16201 San Pedro Avenue, San Antonio, Texas 78232, USA (Dutch, Norsworthy); Texas A&M International University, 2101 Peach Blossom Street, San Antonio, Texas 78247, USA (M.R. Mayfield, J.R. Mayfield); Texas Veterinary Pathology, 1007 Wagon Wheel, Spring Branch, Texas 78070, USA (Schmitt).

Copyright and/or publishing rights held by the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:Corticosteroids are indicated to treat many feline diseases. However, side effects are a limiting factor in their use. The most concerning side effects are steroid-induced diabetes mellitus (SI-DM) and steroid-induced congestive heart failure (SI-CHF). This study aims to determine the incidences of these diseases in a large population of domestic cats seen at a privately-owned, feline-only practice.

ANIMALS:Cats in the study were client-owned patients of Alamo Feline Health Center in San Antonio, Texas. Control cats (controls) were examined as part of their routine health care.

PROCEDURES:The records of 732 cats that received methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) for various clinical indications were reviewed to determine how many developed SI-DM and SI-CHF. A similar record review of 310 controls was made to determine the incidence of spontaneous diabetes mellitus (Sp-DM) and spontaneous congestive heart failure (Sp-CHF). Control cats never received any oral or injectable corticosteroids.

RESULTS:Of the cats that received MPA, 28 developed SI-DM (3.83%) and 6 developed SI-CHF (0.82%). Of the controls, 22 developed Sp-DM (7.10%) and 6 developed Sp-CHF (1.90%).

CONCLUSION:The incidences of developing SI-DM and SI-CHF were 3.83% and 0.82%, respectively; and the risk was not increased even when repeated doses of MPA were given.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE:The authors consider the risk-benefit ratio sufficient to justify the use of MPA when it is indicated, especially if another drug cannot be substituted with the same therapeutic results.

PubMed Other Abstract

UNLABELLED:Incidences du diabète sucré et de l’insuffisance cardiaque congestive induits par les stéroïdes chez des chats ayant reçu des doses non immunosuppressives d’acétate de méthylprednisolone : 1042 chats.

OBJECTIF:Les corticoïdes sont indiqués pour traiter de nombreuses maladies félines. Cependant, les effets secondaires constituent un facteur limitant leur utilisation. Les effets secondaires les plus préoccupants sont le diabète sucré induit par les stéroïdes (SI-DM) et l’insuffisance cardiaque congestive induite par les stéroïdes (SI-CHF). Cette étude vise à déterminer l’incidence de ces maladies dans une large population de chats domestiques vus dans une pratique privée exclusivement féline.

ANIMAUX:Les chats de l’étude étaient des patients appartenant à des clients du Alamo Feline Health Center à San Antonio, au Texas. Les chats témoins (témoins) ont été examinés dans le cadre de leurs soins de santé de routine.

PROCÉDURES:Les dossiers de 732 chats ayant reçu de l’acétate de méthylprednisolone (MPA) pour diverses indications cliniques ont été examinés afin de déterminer combien d’entre eux ont développé du SI-DM et du SI-CHF. Un examen similaire des dossiers de 310 témoins a été réalisé pour déterminer l’incidence du diabète sucré spontané (Sp-DM) et de l’insuffisance cardiaque congestive spontanée (Sp-CHF). Les chats témoins n’ont jamais reçu de corticostéroïdes oraux ou injectables.

RÉSULTATS:Parmi les chats ayant reçu du MPA, 28 ont développé du SI-DM (3,83 %) et 6 ont développé du SI-CHF (0,82 %). Parmi les témoins, 22 ont développé du Sp-DM (7,10 %) et 6 ont développé du Sp-CHF (1,90 %).

CONCLUSION:Les incidences de développement de SI-DM et de SI-CHF étaient respectivement de 3,83 % et 0,82 %; et le risque n’a pas augmenté même lorsque des doses répétées de MPA ont été administrées.

PERTINENCE CLINIQUE:Les auteurs considèrent le rapport bénéfice/risque suffisant pour justifier l’utilisation du MPA lorsqu’il est indiqué, notamment si un autre médicament ne peut lui être substitué avec les mêmes résultats thérapeutiques.(Traduit par D^r Serge Messier).

Article Tools:

Medline

Email to me

Archives Highlights:

Common Neurologic Diseases in Geriatric Dogs.
Neurological diseases are common in geriatric dogs, and although they can present with dramatic clinical signs, in a high percentage of cases, adequate management and a good quality of life for the patient can be achieved with symptomatic treatment.

Life tables of annual life expectancy and risk factors for mortality in cats in the UK.
Life expectancy at age 0 for UK companion cats overall was 11.74 years. Among the 12 breeds (including crossbred) analysed, Burmese and Birman had the longest life expectancy at year 0, showing 14.42 years and 14.39 years, respectively. Sphynx had the shortest life expectancy at year 0 among the analysed breeds at 6.68 years. Being entire, purebred, and with a non-ideal body weight were significantly linked to a decreased lifespan.

Risk Factors for Injury in Border Collies Competing in Agility Competitions.
The jump height relative to the shoulder height was associated with injury, with dogs jumping noticeably above or below shoulder height more likely to report a history of injury. Other identified risk factors included the number of weekends spent competing/year, the number of competitions at the national level, the age when starting elbow height jumps and backside jumps, the acquisition of the dog from a breeder, and the age of the handler.

Emergency Approach to Acute Seizures in Dogs and Cats.
This review presents a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of single seizures, cluster seizures, and status epilepticus in dogs and cats.

Top Tips for Managing Home and Kennel Infestations With Brown Dog Ticks
Thorough cleaning of the environment to remove tick biomass followed by premise treatment by an experienced exterminator can hasten elimination of ticks. Brown dog ticks are long-lived off the host and may continue to emerge from the structure for many months; a long-term approach is needed to eliminate the population.