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ABSTRACT OF THE WEEK

Clinician's brief
Volume 19 | Issue 5 (Jul-Aug 2021)

Top 5 Breed-Specific Considerations to Avoid Adverse Drug Effects

Clin Brief. Jul-Aug 2021;19(5):. 27 Refs
Katrina Mealey1, Michael H Court
1 Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7010, USA.

Author Abstract

Certain canine breeds known to harbor certain gene mutations and deficiencies may experience adverse drug effects. Genotyping and testing for these mutations can help identify at-risk dogs and minimize drug reactions.

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Archives Highlights:
Association between highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks and weather conditions in Japan.
We found that higher average air temperatures two to three weeks prior, lower average wind speeds four weeks prior, and longer sunlight hours two and four weeks prior to outbreaks were significantly associated with increased risk of HPAI outbreaks in Japan. These results suggest that weather may influence environmental survival and transmission of the virus, as well as patterns of wild bird movement that could seed new outbreaks.
Transmucosal administration of pentobarbital and phenytoin solution induces euthanasia in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps).
An initial dose of euthanasia solution containing pentobarbital and phenytoin sodium was administered transmucosally in conscious lizards (100 mg/kg pentobarbital dose), followed by a second dose 20 minutes later (400 mg/kg pentobarbital dose). The median time to death was 300 minutes (range, 300 to 360 minutes), median time to respiratory arrest was 30 minutes (range, 30 to 50 minutes), and median time to loss of deep pain response was 30 minutes (range, 20 to 50 minutes). Signs consistent with oral irritation occurred in 4 of 6 (66.7%) lizards, including 2 lizards that exhibited whole-body spasms after euthanasia solution administration.
Splenic Masses in Dogs: Algorithms for Differentials, Diagnosis, and Definitive Treatment
There is a 63.1% to 70.5% chance a splenic mass is benign if there is no hemoabdomen and a 21.7% to 37.5% chance it is benign if there is hemoabdomen. These numbers replace the two-thirds rule, which said that two-thirds of splenic masses were malignant and two-thirds of malignant masses were HSA, without accounting for hemoabdomen.
The relationship between radiographic disc calcification score and FGF4L2 genotype in dachshunds.
Most dachshunds with 1 FGF4L2 copy have radiographic disc calcification scores that are associated with substantially lower risk of symptomatic disc disease. Radiographic disc calcification scores are similar in dachshunds with 0 and 1 FGF4L2 copies. Given the high allele frequency of FGF4L2, breeding to produce progeny with 1 FGF4L2 copy is expected to be a more achievable short-term goal for dachshund spinal health breeding programs than breeding for 0 copies. It is recommended that both K-n and FGF4L2 genotype status be considered when choosing dachshund breeding stock.
Emergency Approach to Acute Seizures in Dogs and Cats.
This review presents a systematic approach to the diagnosis and treatment of single seizures, cluster seizures, and status epilepticus in dogs and cats.

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