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ABSTRACT OF THE WEEK

Veterinary dermatology
Volume 30 | Issue 2 (April 2019)

Bacteriology and cytology of otic exudates in 41 cavalier King Charles spaniels with primary secretory otitis media.

Vet Dermatol. April 2019;30(2):151-e44.
Lynette K Cole1, Päivi J Rajala-Schultz2, Gwendolen Lorch3, Joshua B Daniels4
1 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.; 2 Department of Production Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 04920, Saarentaus, Finland.; 3 Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.; 4 Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA.
© 2019 ESVD and ACVD.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Primary secretory otitis media (PSOM) in the cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) is similar to otitis media with effusion (OME) in humans. A proposed aetiology of OME is inflammation of the middle ear mucosa, usually due to bacterial infection, leading to auditory tube dysfunction.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES:Our objective was to characterize the microbiological and cytological findings of otic exudates from the external ear canal (EEC) (n = 68) and middle ear (ME) (n = 69) from 41 CKCSs with PSOM.
METHODS AND MATERIALS:Swab samples from the EEC and mucus aspirated from the ME after performing a myringotomy were obtained for bacterial culture and cytological analysis.
RESULTS:Fifty-five of 68 (81%) EEC and 46 of 69 (67%) ME yielded no bacterial growth. Thirty-eight of the 68 (56%) ears had no microbial growth from neither the EEC nor ME; seven (10%) had bacteria isolated from the EEC only; 17 (25%) had bacteria isolated from the ME only, and six (8%) had bacteria isolated from both EEC and ME. Thirty-four total bacterial isolates were cultured from ME. The most common bacterial species isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci, followed by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Otic cytology identified coccoid organisms in only three of 68 EEC and four of 69 ME.
CONCLUSIONS:The role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of PSOM in CKCS is unclear. The majority of the EEC and ME of the CKCS with PSOM were negative by conventional bacterial culture and the cytological presence of bacteria was not correlated with culture positives. The potential role of noncultivable microbiota in PSOM requires exploration using molecular methods.

PubMed Other Abstract

CONTEXTO:A otite média secretória primária (PSOM) nos cães da raça cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) é similar à otite média com efusão (OME) em humanos. A etiologia proposta da OME é a inflamação da mucosa da orelha média, usualmente devido à infecção bacteriana, levando à disfunção da tuba auditiva. HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os achados microbiológicos e citológicos de exsudatos óticos de conduto auditivo externo (CAE) (n = 68) e ouvido médio (OM) (n = 69) de 41 CKCSs com PSOM. MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Amostras por swabs de CAE e muco aspirado de OM pós miringotomia foram obtidos para culturas bacterianas e análises citológicas.
RESULTADOS:Cinquenta e cinco de 68 (81%) dos CAE e 46 de 69 (67%) dos OM não demonstraram crescimento bacteriano. Trinta e oito de 68 (56%) das orelhas não apresentaram nenhum crescimento bacteriano nas amostras oriundas de CAE, bem como das amostras de OM; sete (10%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas apenas no CAE; 17 (25%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas do OM apenas, e seis (8%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas de CAE e OM. Trinta e quatro isolados bacterianos no total foram cultivados do OM. As espécies bacterianas mais comumente isoladas foram os estafilococos coagulase-negativos, seguido de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Citologia otológica identificou microrganismos cocoides em apenas três dos 68 CAE e 69 OM. CONCLUSÕES: A função das bactérias na patogênese da PSOM em CKCS não está esclarecida. A maioria dos CAE e OM de CKCS com PSOM foram negativos por métodos de cultura convencionais e não houve correlação entre a presença citológica de bactérias e as culturas positivas. A potencial função da microbiota não-cultivável no PSOM requer exploração por métodos moleculares.

PubMed Other Abstract

INTRODUCCIÓN: la otitis media secretora primaria (PSOM) en perros de raza Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) es similar a la otitis media con derrame (OME) en humanos. Una etiología propuesta de la OME es la inflamación de la mucosa del oído medio, generalmente debido a una infección bacteriana, que conduce a una disfunción del canal auditivo.
HIPÓTESIS/OBJETIVOS: nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar los hallazgos microbiológicos y citológicos de exudados óticos del canal auditivo externo (EEC) (n = 68) y el oído medio (ME) (n = 69) de 41 CKCS con PSOM.
MÉTODOS Y MATERIALES: se obtuvieron muestras con hisopo del EEC y mucosidad aspirada de la ME después de realizar una miringotomía para cultivo bacteriano y análisis citológico.
RESULTADOS: cincuenta y cinco de 68 (81%) de muestras del CEE y 46 de 69 (67%) del ME no produjeron crecimiento bacteriano. Treinta y ocho de los 68 oídos (56%) no tuvieron crecimiento microbiano ni del EEC ni del ME; siete (10%) presentaron aislados bacterianos solo del CEE; 17 (25%) mostraron bacterias aisladas solo del ME, y seis (8%) tuvieron bacterias aisladas tanto del EEC como del ME. Treinta y cuatro aislamientos bacterianos totales se cultivaron a partir del ME. Las especies bacterianas más comunes aisladas fueron estafilococos coagulasa negativos, seguidos de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. La citología ótica identificó los organismos cocoides en solo tres de 68 muestras d el EEC y cuatro de 69 del ME. Conclusionesel papel de las bacterias en la patogénesis de la PSOM en CKCS no está claro. La mayoría de las muestras del EEC y del ME de CKCS con PSOM fueron negativas en cultivo bacteriano convencional y la presencia citológica de bacterias no se correlacionó con los positivos del cultivo. El papel potencial de la microbiota no cultivable en PSOM requiere estudios utilizando métodos moleculares.

PubMed Other Abstract

HINTERGRUND:Die primäre sekretorische Otitis media (PSOM) beim Cavalier King Charles Spaniel (CKCS) ist einer Otitis media mit Effusion (OME) beim Menschen ähnlich. Die vermeintliche Ätiologie einer OME ist eine Entzündung der Mittelohrmukosa, üblicherweise durch eine bakterielle Infektion, die zu einer Gehörkanal Dysfunktion führt.
HYPOTHESE/ZIELE:Unser Ziel war es, die mikrobiellen und zytologischen Befunde von Ohrexsudaten aus dem äußeren Ohrkanal (EEC)(n = 68) und Mittelohr (ME)(n = 69) von 41 CKCSs mit PSOM zu charakterisieren.
METHODEN UND MATERIAL:Tupferproben vom EEC und aspirierter Schleim vom ME nach Durchführung einer Myringotomy wurden zur Bakterienkultur und zytologischen Analyse entnommen.
ERGEBNISSE:Fünfundfünfzig von 68 (81%) EEC und 46 von 69 (67%) ME ergaben kein Bakterienwachstum. Achtunddreißig von 68 (56%) Ohren zeigten kein mikrobielles Wachstum, weder aus dem EEC noch aus dem ME; bei sieben (10%) konnten Bakterien nur aus dem EEC isoliert werden; bei 17 (25%) konnten Bakterien nur aus dem ME isoliert werden, und bei sechs (8%) wurden Bakterien sowohl vom EEC wie auch aus dem ME isoliert. Insgesamt wurden vierunddreißig Bakterienisolate aus dem ME kultiviert. Die häufigste Bakterienspezies, die nachgewiesen werden konnte, waren Koagulase-negative Staphylokokken, gefolgt von Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Mittels Zytologie aus dem Ohr wurden kokkoide Organismen in nur drei von 68 EEC und vier von 69 ME nachgewiesen.
SCHLUSSFOLGERUNGEN:Die Rolle der Bakterien in der Pathogenese der PSOM beim CKCS ist unklar. Die Mehrheit der EEC und ME der CKCS mit PSOM waren mit konventioneller Bakterienkultur negativ und das zytologische Auftreten der Bakterien war nicht mit den positiven Kulturen korreliert. Die mögliche Rolle von nicht kultivierbaren Mikrobiota bei PSOM sollte mittels molekularer Methoden durchleuchtet werden.

PubMed Other Abstract

背景: キャバリア・キング・チャールズ・スパニエル(CKCS)の原発性滲出性中耳炎(PSOM)は、人の滲出性中耳炎(OME)と似ている。提案されているOMEの病因としては、通常は細菌感染による中耳粘膜の炎症であり、これは聴覚管機能不全につながる。 仮説/目的: 本研究の目的は、PSOMを有するCKCS41頭の外耳道(EEC)(n =68 )および中耳(ME)(n = 69)から得た耳滲出液の微生物学的および細胞学的所見を特徴付けることであった。 材料および方法: EECから採取したスワブサンプルおよび鼓膜切開術実施後MEから吸引した粘液を細菌培養および細胞学的解析のために得た。 結果: 68のうち55 のEEC(81%)および69のうち46 のME(67%)は細菌増殖を生じなかった。 68のうち38の耳(56%)ではEECおよびMEのどちらにおいても細菌増殖を生じなかった。 7つの耳(10%)がEECのみ細菌を分離した。 17の耳(25%)がMEのみ分離された細菌を保有し、6の耳(8%)がEECとMEの両方から分離された細菌を保有していた。合計34の細菌分離株をMEから培養した。単離された最も一般的な細菌種は、コアグラーゼ陰性ブドウ球菌、続いてStaphylococcus pseudintermediusであった。耳垢細胞診では、68のうち3つのEECおよび69のうち4つの MEのみ球菌様微生物を同定した。 結論: CKCSのPSOM病因に対する細菌の役割は不明である。 PSOMを有するCKCSのEECおよびMEの大部分は、従来の細菌培養によって陰性であり、細菌の細胞学的存在は培養陽性と相関していなかった。 PSOMにおける培養不可能な微生物叢の潜在的な役割は、分子法を用いた探査を必要とする。.

PubMed Other Abstract

CONTEXTO: A otite média secretória primária (PSOM) nos cães da raça cavalier King Charles spaniel (CKCS) é similar à otite média com efusão (OME) em humanos. A etiologia proposta da OME é a inflamação da mucosa da orelha média, usualmente devido à infecção bacteriana, levando à disfunção da tuba auditiva.
HIPÓTESE/OBJETIVOS: Nosso objetivo foi caracterizar os achados microbiológicos e citológicos de exsudatos óticos de conduto auditivo externo (CAE) (n = 68) e ouvido médio (OM) (n = 69) de 41 CKCSs com PSOM.
MÉTODOS E MATERIAIS: Amostras por swabs de CAE e muco aspirado de OM pós miringotomia foram obtidos para culturas bacterianas e análises citológicas.
RESULTADOS:Cinquenta e cinco de 68 (81%) dos CAE e 46 de 69 (67%) dos OM não demonstraram crescimento bacteriano. Trinta e oito de 68 (56%) das orelhas não apresentaram nenhum crescimento bacteriano nas amostras oriundas de CAE, bem como das amostras de OM; sete (10%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas apenas no CAE; 17 (25%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas do OM apenas, e seis (8%) apresentaram bactérias isoladas de CAE e OM. Trinta e quatro isolados bacterianos no total foram cultivados do OM. As espécies bacterianas mais comumente isoladas foram os estafilococos coagulase-negativos, seguido de Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Citologia otológica identificou microrganismos cocoides em apenas três dos 68 CAE e 69 OM.
CONCLUSÕES: A função das bactérias na patogênese da PSOM em CKCS não está esclarecida. A maioria dos CAE e OM de CKCS com PSOM foram negativos por métodos de cultura convencionais e não houve correlação entre a presença citológica de bactérias e as culturas positivas. A potencial função da microbiota não-cultivável no PSOM requer exploração por métodos moleculares.

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Grants:
American Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club Charitable Trust Inc.
The Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Canine Intramural Grant Paladin Fund

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