Dimethyl sulfoxide favors the emetic efficacy of lycorine in beagle dogs - a novel strategy for the treatment of poisoning.

Res Vet Sci. July 2023;160(0):11 - 17.

Ralf Regenthal¹, Getu Abraham²

¹ Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Härtelstrasse 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany. Electronic address: ralf.regenthal@medizin.uni-leipzig.de.; ² Institute of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Abstract

Poisoning in small animals represents an ongoing hazard and therapeutic problem in veterinary medicine. Therapeutic induction of emesis in time enables a fast elimination of a toxic compound resulting in a shortened course of poisoning and a higher safety level thereafter, which decisively improves prognosis and treatment. Lycorine is a reliable emetic drug in beagle dogs without serious side effects thought to be more beneficial in tolerability and efficacy than the rarely used apomorphine. Therefore, this study investigates efficacy and tolerability of differently composed potential drug formulations of lycorine hydrochloride for s.c. administration in dogs as an emetic principle. By emesis response analysis four dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) formulations were favored. Two of them (F5 and F6) qualified for further drug development. Both formulations ensure a safe pharmacologically induced emesis within about 30 min after injection, suitable for use as an in time decontaminant in acute poisoning of dogs. DMSO-based formulations were well tolerated and offer a novel promising strategy for treatment of poisoning.

Keywords

Dog; Drug formulation; Emetic drug; Lycorine; Poisoning;

Article Tools:

Medline

Email to me

Archives Highlights:

Acute onset of circling and dull mentation in a 1-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat.
CNS cuterebriasis represents a neurologic disease more common in cats than dogs, resulting in presentation during summer months with acute onset and often asymmetric, focal or multifocal, intracranial signs preceded by upper respiratory disease.

Clinical Utility of Cytology from Preoperative Percutaneous Fine Needle Aspirates of Solitary Liver Masses in 220 Dogs: A Retrospective Study (2009-2019).
The agreement rate for correct cytologic diagnosis was 22.9% (49/220). Of the neoplastic masses 18.9% (35/185) were correctly diagnosed via cytology. The overall sensitivity was 60%, and the specificity was 68.6%. Neither institution, lesion size, cavitation, or needle gauge had an association with correct diagnosis. This study demonstrates that, although there is a low risk of complications following FNA of a hepatic mass, overall success rate for correct cytologic diagnosis based on FNA was low compared to histopathologic diagnosis.

Bone Marrow Aspiration in Dogs: Indications and a Step-by-Step Tutorial
In dogs, bone marrow aspirates are often collected from the proximal humerus or ilium. A special 14- to 18-gauge needle with stylet is placed into the bone marrow cavity, and cells are subsequently aspirated. These needles are designed to penetrate cortical bone without becoming obstructed. Other sites in dogs include the sternum, ribs, and proximal femur. Aspiration from the pelvis and femur is challenging, if the region contains abundant adipose tissue.

Clinical and epidemiologic features of persons accessing emergency departments for dog and cat bite injuries in California (2005-2019).
The average annual incidence of dog bites was highest in children aged < 10 years and males, while that of cat bites was highest in adults aged ≥ 80 years and females. Both dog and cat bite injuries were more likely to occur to upper limbs. Bacteria were isolated from 3% of dog bite injuries and 21.5% of cat bite injuries at initial presentation.

Understanding the Role of Therapy Dogs in Human Health Promotion.
Therapy dog programmes are delivered across a variety of settings including hospitals, aged care facilities and mental health services, highlighting the important role they play in human health outcomes. Research has shown that that there are biomarkers for stress in humans and other animals engaged in human-animal interactions. This review aims to assess the impact of human-animal interactions on therapy dogs engaged in providing support to human health.